†¥£ýY   THE LITERATURE OF VICTORIAN RELIGION   Y£G¥†
ENGL 6018.1, Fall 2006

Professor:    Dr. Jeffrey Franklin.  Phone: 303-556-4026 (home: 720-570-2923, 9am-9pm only). 
                        E-mail: Jeff.Franklin@cudenver.edu.
Class:    Time: Thursday 7:00-9:50pm.  Location: KC 201.
Office:    Hours: Thursday 3:00-6:30.  Please feel free to show up during these hours, or phone or e-mail to ask a question.  If you truly cannot make any of these times, see me about setting up an appointment.  Location: ???.
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TEXTS
Required Texts:
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (Oxford, 0-19-283965-9)
Marie Corelli, A Romance of Two Worlds (Prime Classics Library, 1-55742-276-1)
George Eliot, Scenes of Clerical Life (Oxford, 0-19-283780-X)
George Eliot, Adam Bede (Oxford, 0-19-283495-9)
Edmund Gosse, Father and Son (Oxford, 0-19-284066-5)
Rudyard Kipling, Kim (Barnes & Noble, 1-59-308192-8)
Alfred Tennyson, In Memoriam (Norton, 0-39-397926-1)
Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers (Oxford, 0-19-283432-0)

In addition, there is a required Course Packet.  It is available at the Reserve Desk of our library.  Please make your own copy.  It contains poetry by Edwin Arnold, Matthew Arnold, Emily Brontë, Robert Browning, Edward FitzGerald, Gerard Manly Hopkins, Christina Rossetti, D. G. Rossetti, and Algernon Swinburne, as well as prose excerpts from works by Thomas Carlyle, Charles Darwin, George Eliot, John Henry Newman, and David Friedrich Strauss.

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COURSE GOALS
The religious debates of our own day are prefigured in the religious upheavals of the 19th century.  Religion in the Victorian era was characterized by a series of contradictions and conflicts: the Church of England set against other Protestant denominations; the famous Victorian “Crisis of Faith” coincident with a fervent evangelical revival; the explosion of Darwinian evolutionary theory and the Church responses to it; and strong anti-Catholic sentiment coupled with Catholic Emancipation laws (not to mention a Jewish Prime Minister in an anti-Semitic culture).  While this and more was going on within Christianity, the Spiritualism Movement (as in séances) was in full swing, and England was flooded by sacred texts in translation from Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.  All of this perturbation is captured in the literature of the period.  This course is an exploration of that literature within that historical context.  Thus this course is a survey of the literature of the Victorian era, but it is a survey with a focus.  That focus is on poetry, fiction, and, to a lesser extent, non-fiction prose written by important authors who took as a primary concern the religious institutions and issues with which this period was obsessed.
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COURSE REQUIREMENTS
A course at this level assumes several things.  It assumes very thorough reading of all course materials, reading that is engaged and critical and that prepares you to come to class with questions and insights to share.  The pages of your books should show signs of your passage through them in the form of notations and underlinings.  Although I periodically will lecture, the dominant genre of our class meetings will be the conversation—between you and me and between you and other members of the class.  So, another assumption is that you will come to class not prepared to sit back and listen but rather prepared to jump into the discussion with energy and to argue—in the positive sense—over interpretations.  This also assumes that you will be present at nearly all of our gatherings.  If you fulfill these assumptions, you are likely to make a good grade in the course, to learn a great deal, and, I wager, to have a good time doing it. 

In addition, the course requires four types of assignments:

1) Mini-Essays (40% of final grade): These are to be one-page, typed, single-spaced and to focus on a specific compelling question that you have about the work of literature, a question that is compelling because it does not have an obvious, factual, or yes/no answer and because answering it expands our understanding of the literary work.  I will be giving you a hand-out that more fully defines what I mean by “compelling question.”  I will grade largely on two factors: how compelling the essay makes its question and how much detailed attention the essay gives to the words of the text in looking for answers to its question.  Over the course of 16 weeks, you will write only four mini-essays (though you may choose to write more for extra credit).  I assign so few mini-essays because I expect all of you to rewrite, well, pretty much all four of your mini-essays at least once.  Due dates are shown in the schedule below.  Rewrites are due two weeks after you receive back my comments.  Please note: I will not accept more than one re-write per week, especially not in the last weeks of class.

2) Weekly Quizzes (25% of final grade): As motivation to encourage timely and thorough reading, I will give a short, objective quiz promptly at the beginning of each Thursday class.

3) Final Essay Thesis/Question and Annotated Bibliography (10% of final grade): This will be due the second-to-the-last week of classes.  It is to be a statement of the thesis or compelling question for the final essay followed by an annotated bibliography of 6-10 outside sources.  It should be between five and ten typed pages.  These are your most important notes in preparation for writing the essay.  I will help you in this process; we will talk about it in class and, I hope, in my office.  Note: Papers may not use more than one or two sources that appear only on the web (as opposed to full-text sources from printed journals that appear on the web complete with page numbers—those are fine).  They are always less authoritative than articles in peer-reviewed scholarly journals or books, and the use of them undercuts the credibility of your essay.

 

5) Final Research Essay (25% of final grade): This is to be a substantial, research essay focused on one (or more) of the primary texts read for the course.  I recommend that you start by selecting the work that interests you most, then narrowing to a specific question or argument about that work, then looking for outside sources relevant not only to that work but to that specific aspect of interest.  I can help you focus the topic and locate sources.  Then you need to gather your outside sources, read them thoroughly, take detailed notes, especially selecting passages from the sources that you might want to refute or use to support a claim of yours.  Again, I can give you guidance in how to do this.  I encourage you to make multiple office visits in the process of preparing this essay; I am glad to look at early drafts.  The essay should end up at around 15-20 pages, but I’m less concerned with page-count than with substance. 
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GRADING

Mini-Essays (4, plus rewrites):                        40%
Weekly Quizzes:                        25%
Thesis/Question and Annotated Bibliography:                        10%
Final Research Essay:                        25%                       
                                                                                    TOTAL:               100%
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THREE RULES
1.  Attendance is critical to how much you learn from this course, and so it is required.  However, I understand that there are emergencies, illnesses, and important family or religious obligations.  So, I will accept an absence with medical documentation, traffic citation, note from a parent or religious officiate, or other documentation of a legitimate alibi.  Simply telling me you were sick will not be sufficient.  Each undocumented absence will subtract three points from your final grade, which fairly quickly leads to a letter grade dropped.  Also, multiple late arrivals or early departures will add up to an absence, though I will ask you nicely several times first and inform you when I take this action.
3.  No electronic devices are allowed to be visible or audible in my classroom.  Please silence all pagers, cell phones, etc. and put them away before class starts.  Even silent use of such devices is noticeable and disruptive to the class and disrespectful to me.
2. Your work must be your own; otherwise you fail, or worse.  Plagiarism consists of copying someone else's work, quoting or paraphrasing others' work without footnoting, or having someone write part or all of your paper for you.  It is the most serious academic offense and can mar your whole academic career.  Be especially careful about “borrowing” from the web; professors know how to find those sites too.  If you have any questions about what constitutes plagiarism, please ask me or consult any standard college handbook.

 

 

SEVEN UN-RULES

Potentially Useful Contacts (I know you’ve seen these, but here they are again):


ENGL 6018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule

This schedule is subject to day-to-day revision.  The date is when the assignment is due

Week 1:  Introduction to the Course / Religion Before and After the Victorian Period / Church vs. Chapel

Aug 24       Intro to the course and to each other.  Introduction to the historical context for religion and literature in 19th-century Britain.  What do I mean by “literature of religion”?
For fun as well as educational value, check out the Victorian websites listed under “The Victorian Web,” http://www.victorianweb.org/ or “Useful Victorian Websites,” http://www.gettysburg.edu/~sflynn/teaching/aesthetics/links.html
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Week 2:  Church vs. Chapel (vs. the Emerging Victorian Humanism)

Aug 31       Read “Amos Barton” and "Janet's Repentance" in George Eliot’s Scenes of Clerical Life.  As always, bring your book to class ready with questions to ask.  Also, make use of the footnotes in the back of the book (beginning on page 303 in my edition).  Quiz today and most Thursdays after this one (including footnotes).

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Week 3:  Thomas Carlyle’s Natural Supernaturalism and the Higher Criticism of the Bible

Sep 7              Read the excerpts from Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus and from George Eliot’s translation of David Friedrich Strauss’s Das Leben Jesu (The Life of Jesus Critically Examined)--both are available in the Course Packet at the Auraria Library Reserve Desk (the Carlyle, but not the Strauss, is available electronically from me).  Bring your marked copy to class, please.   Note that your first mini-essay is due next week; I invite you to visit my office hours to run questions by me.
 
  Extra credit: If you are so inclined, you may find and read either of today's works in their entirety (or larg portions of one of them), take a page of reading notes, come to my office hours for a friendly chat about what you've read, and in that way earn real extra credit and my admiration.  This same offer applies to any work we read as an excerpt this semester. 

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Week 4:  Competing Forms of Spirituality in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre

Sep 14       Mini-essay #1 is due today.  Read Jane Eyre and bring it to class.  Especially if you have read it before, reread it paying particular attention to all of the religious aspects of the novel.  There are multiple forms of Christianity in the novel as well as non-Christian forms of spirituality.

  Extra credit: My essay “The Merging of Spiritual­ities: Jane Eyre as Missionary of Love,” Nineteenth-Century Literature 49 (March 1995): 456-482.  It is available in full-text online; just search on the first part of the title and “JSTOR.”  There will be an extra-credit question on the quiz. 
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Week 5:  The Catholic Question: John Henry Newman’s Scandalous Conversion to Catholicism and Robert Browning’s Anti-Catholicism

Sep 21       Read the excerpts from Cardinal Newman's Apologia pro Vita Sua and Robert Browning's poems "The Bishop Orders his Tomb at St. Praxed's. . . ." and "Fra Lipo Lippi."  Bring copies to class.  I advise each of you to come and talk to me about your first mini-essay and options for rewriting it.  I also suggest that you begin reading Adam Bede for next week; it ain't short.

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Week 6:  George Eliot's "Sympathy" as an Alternative Moral Order

Sep 28       Read Eliot’s Adam Bede and bring it to class.  Note that the second mini-essay is due next class; you may want to chat with me if you’d like guidance, etc.

Extra credit: Read the editor’s “Introduction” in Adam Bede. There will be an extra-credit question on the quiz.
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Week 7:  The Victorian Crisis of Faith: Tennyson’s In Memoriam, A. H. H.

Oct 5       Mini-essay #2  is due today.  Read Tennyson's In Memoriam and bring it to class.

Extra credit: Read the appendices in In Memoriam.  There will be an extra-credit quiz question.
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Week 8:  The Darwinian Revolution and Browning's Caliban

Oct 12       Read the excerpts from Charles Darwins's On the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and Robert Browning's poem "Caliban Upon Setebos" (read it twice, please).  Also bring In Memoriam to class.
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Week 9: Anglican Politics: Anthony Trollope's Barchester Towers

Oct 19       Read Barchester Towers through Volume I (page 282 in my copy).  Make use of any footnotes.  Note: Your third mini-essay is due next week; I’d be glad to work with you on it.
                 Extra credit: Read the editor’s “Introduction” to Barchester and/or the rest of the novel.
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Week 10: Dissent and Doubt: Edmund Gosse's Father and Son

Oct 26       Mini-essay #3 is due todayRead Gosse's Father and Son and bring it to class. Also read the poems by Matthew Arnold and bring copies to class.

                 Extra credit: The "Commentary by Ian Lancashire" on "Dover Beach" in the Course Packet.  There will be an extra-credit question.

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Week 11: The Pre-Raphaelite Movement and the Religious Art of the Rossettis

Nov 2       Read the poems by Christina Rossetti and Dante Rossetti in the Course Packet and bring yours to class.

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Week 12: Comparative Religion and the Discovery of the Religious Other
Nov 9       Read the excerpts from Edward FitzGerald’s The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam of Naishapur and Edwin Arnold’s The Light of Asia and bring your copies to class.  Note that your fourth mini-essay is due next week.  Also, it is time to begin thinking seriously about your final research essay; I recommend a visit to my office to discuss topic and research strategy.
                 Extra credit: My essay, “The Life of the Buddha in Victorian England.” English Literary History (ELH) 72 (winter 2005): 941-974.  Also, as with all the works from which we are reading excerpts, I invite you to read the entire work for extra credit and, if you choose, for your final essay. 
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Week 13: From the Spiritualism Movement to Marie Corelli’s Electric Christianity

Nov 16       Mini-essay #4 is due today.  Read Marie Corelli’s A Romance of Two Worlds and bring it to class. 
                 It is time to begin preparing seriously for your final research essay; ask me in class and we’ll discuss getting your research underway.  Reread my description of the thesis question and annotated bibliography assignment.  You will want to begin reading Kipling's Kim over the break.  Enjoy!
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Week 14: FALL BREAK & THANKSGIVING Nov 20-26. . . .Be Thanksful.

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Week 15: The Empire of Religion: Kipling’s Kim

Nov 30       Read Kipling’s Kim to the end, making use of the footnotes, and bring it to class.  I encourage you to come and see me this week with ideas and drafted material for your final essay.  Note that I will not accept more than one mini-essay rewrite per week.  Please also observe that your thesis question and annotated bibliography for your final essay is due next week
                 Extra credit: the editor's "Introduction."
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Week 16: From Swinburne’s Blasphemy to Hopkins’s Ecstatic Faith and Doubt

Dec 7       Read the poems by Algernon Swinburne and Gerard Manly Hopkins and bring your copies to class.  These poems will take several readings each, please.  Today is the last day that I will accept a mini-essay rewrite.
                 Due Today: Thesis question and annotated bibliography for the final research essay.  Come prepared to speak to the class about your research, what you are finding, what is most interesting to you, what you think the argument of your essay will be, etc.
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Week 17: Finals Week, Dec 10-16

Dec 14              Final Research Essays due.